Charging System Description and Operation 0.8L
Charging Procedure
- Batteries with the green dot showing do not require charging unless they have just been discharged, such as in cranking a vehicle.
- When charging sealed-terminal batteries out of the vehicle, install the adapter kit. Make sure all the charger connections are clean and tight. For best results, batteries should be charged while the electrolyte and the plates are at room temperature. A battery that is extremely cold may not accept current for several hours after starting the charger.
- Charge the battery until the green dot appears. The battery should be checked every half-hour while charging. Tipping or shaking the battery may be necessary to make the green dot appear.
- After charging, the battery should be load tested.
Charging Time Required
The time required to charge a battery will vary depending upon the following factors:
| • | Size of battery -- A completely discharged large heavy-duty battery requires more than twice the recharging as a completely discharged small passenger car battery. |
| • | Temperature -- A longer time will be needed to charge any battery at -18°C (0°F) than at +27°C (81°F). When a fast charger is connected to a cold battery, the current accepted by the battery will be very low at first. The battery will accept a higher current rate as the battery warms. |
| • | Charger capacity -- A charger which can supply only 5 amperes will require a much longer charging period than a charger that can supply 30 amperes or more. |
| • | State-of-charge -- A completely discharged battery requires more than twice as much charge as a one-half charged battery. Because the electrolyte is nearly pure water and a poor conductor in a completely discharged battery, the current accepted by the battery is very low at first. Later, as the charging current causes the electrolyte acid content to increase, the charging current will likewise increase. |
Charging a Completely Discharged Battery -- Off The Vehicle
Unless this procedure is properly followed, a perfectly good battery may be needlessly replaced.
The following procedure should be used to recharge a completely discharged battery:
- Measure the voltage at the battery terminals with an accurate voltmeter. If the reading is below 10 volts, the charge current will be very low, and it could take some time before the battery accepts the current in excess of a few milliamperes. Refer to Charging System Description and Operation , which focuses on the factors affecting both the charging time required, and the rough estimates in the table below. Such low current may not be detectable on ammeters available in the field.
- Set the battery charger on the high setting.
- Battery chargers vary in the amount of voltage and current provided. The time required for the battery to accept a measurable charger current at various voltages may be as follows:
Important: Some chargers feature polarity protection circuitry, which prevents charging unless the charger leads are correctly connected to the battery terminals. A completely discharged battery may not have enough voltage to activate this circuitry, even though the leads are connected properly, making it appear that the battery will not accept charging current. Therefore, follow the specific charger manufacturer's instruction for bypassing or overriding the circuitry so that the charger will turn ON and charge a low-voltage battery.
Voltage | Hours |
|---|---|
16 or more volts | Up to 4 hours |
14-15.9 volts | Up to 8 hours |
13.9 or less volts | Up to 16 hours |
| • | If the charge current is not measurable at the end of the above charging times, the battery should be replaced. |
| • | If the charge current is measurable during the charging time, the battery is good, and charging should be completed in the normal manner. |
| Important: It is important to remember that a completely discharged battery must be recharged for a sufficient number of ampere hours (AH) to restore the battery to a usable state. As a general rule, using the reserve capacity rating (RC) as the number of ampere hours of charge usually brings the green dot into view. |
| • | If the charge current is still not measurable after using the charging time calculated by the above method, the battery should be replaced. |
| • | If the charge current is measurable during the charging time, the battery is good, and charging should be completed in the normal manner. |
Jump Starting Procedure
- Position the vehicle with the good charged battery so that the jumper cables will reach from one battery to the other.
- Turn OFF the ignition, all the lights, and all the electrical loads in both vehicles. Leave the hazard flasher ON if there may be other traffic and any other lights needed for the work area.
- In both vehicles, apply the parking brake firmly.
- Shift a manual transaxle to NEUTRAL.
- Clamp one end of the first jumper cable to the positive terminal on the battery. Make sure it does not touch any other metal parts. Clamp the other end of the same cable to the positive terminal on the other battery. Never connect the other end to the negative terminal of the discharged battery.
- Clamp one end of the second cable to the negative terminal of the booster battery. Make the final connection to a solid engine ground, such as the engine lift bracket, at least 450 millimeters (18 inches) from the discharged battery.
- Start the engine of the vehicle with the good battery. Run the engine at a moderate speed for several minutes. Then start the engine of the vehicle which has the discharged battery.
- Remove the jumper cables by reversing the above sequence exactly. Remove the negative cable from the vehicle with the discharged battery first. While removing each clamp, take care that it does not touch any other metal while the other end remains attached.
Notice: Always turn the ignition OFF when connecting or disconnecting battery cables, battery chargers, or jumper cables. Failing to do so may damage the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) or other electronic components.
Notice: Always turn the ignition OFF when connecting or disconnecting battery cables, battery chargers, or jumper cables. Failing to do so may damage the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) or other electronic components.
Caution: Cables that have missing or loose insulation should be replaced. Failure to properly maintain cables could result in personal injury or vehicle damage.
Caution: Always remove the negative jumper cable from the engine lift hook first to avoid sparks near the battery. Sparks could explode the battery causing serious personal injury.
Generator
The Delco-Remy CS charging system has several models available, including the O114D (A-type) or CS114D (B-type). The number denotes the outer diameter in millimeters of the stator lamination.
CS generators are equipped with internal regulators. The Y connection (A-type) or Delta (B-type) stator, a rectifier bridge, and a rotor with slip rings and brushes are electrically similar to earlier generators. A conventional pulley and fan are used. There is no test hole.
Unlike 3-wire generators, the O114D (A-type) or CS114D (B-type) may be used with only 2 connections: battery positive and an L terminal to the charge indicator lamp.
As with other charging systems, the charge indicator lamp lights when the ignition switch is turned to ON, and goes out when the engine is running. If the charge indicator is ON with the engine running, a charging system defect is indicated.
The regulator voltage setting varies with temperature and limits the system voltage by controlling the rotor field current. The regulator switches rotor field current ON and OFF. By varying the ON-OFF time, correct average field current for proper system voltage control is obtained. At high speeds, the ON-time may be 10 percent and the OFF-time 90 percent. At low speeds, with high electrical loads, ON-time may be 90 percent and the OFF-time 10 percent.
Charging System
The Delco-Remy CS charging system has several models available, including the O114D (A-type) or CS114D (B-type). The number denotes the outer diameter in millimeters of the stator laminations.
CS generators use a new type of regulator that incorporates a diode trio. The Y connection (A-type) or Delta (B-type) stator, a rectifier bridge, and a rotor with slip rings and brushes are electrically similar to earlier generators. A conventional pulley and fan are used. There is no test hole.
Charging System Description and Operation 1.0L
Charging Procedure
- Batteries with the green dot showing do not require charging unless they have just been discharged, such as in cranking a vehicle.
- When charging sealed-terminal batteries out of the vehicle, install the adapter kit. Make sure all the charger connections are clean and tight. For best results, batteries should be charged while the electrolyte and the plates are at room temperature. A battery that is extremely cold may not accept current for several hours after starting the charger.
- Charge the battery until the green dot appears. The battery should be checked every half-hour while charging. Tipping or shaking the battery may be necessary to make the green dot appear.
- After charging, the battery should be load tested. Refer to Starter Motor Replacement .
Charging Time Required
The time required to charge a battery will vary depending upon the following factors:
| • | Size of battery -- A completely discharged large heavy-duty battery requires more than twice the recharging as a completely discharged small passenger car battery. |
| • | Temperature -- A longer time will be needed to charge any battery at -18°C (0°F) than at 27°C (81°F). When a fast charger is connected to a cold battery, the current accepted by the battery will be very low at first. The battery will accept a higher current rate as the battery warms. |
| • | Charger capacity -- A charger which can supply only 5 amperes will require a much longer charging period than a charger that can supply 30 amperes or more. |
| • | State-of-charge -- A completely discharged battery requires more than twice as much charge as a one-half charged battery. Because the electrolyte is nearly pure water and a poor conductor in a completely discharged battery, the current accepted by the battery is very low at first. Later, as the charging current causes the electrolyte acid content to increase, the charging current will likewise increase. |
Charging a Completely Discharged Battery -- Off The Vehicle
Unless this procedure is properly followed, a perfectly good battery may be needlessly replaced.
The following procedure should be used to recharge a completely discharged battery:
- Measure the voltage at the battery terminals with an accurate voltmeter. If the reading is below 10 volts, the charge current will be very low, and it could take some time before the battery accepts the current in excess of a few milliamperes. Refer to Charging System Description and Operation , which focuses on the factors affecting both the charging time required, and the rough estimates in the table below. Such low current may not be detectable on ammeters available in the field.
- Set the battery charger on the high setting.
- Battery chargers vary in the amount of voltage and current provided. The time required for the battery to accept a measurable charger current at various voltages may be as follows:
Important: Some chargers feature polarity protection circuitry, which prevents charging unless the charger leads are correctly connected to the battery terminals. A completely discharged battery may not have enough voltage to activate this circuitry, even though the leads are connected properly, making it appear that the battery will not accept charging current. Therefore, follow the specific charger manufacturer's instruction for bypassing or overriding the circuitry so that the charger will turn ON and charge a low-voltage battery.
Voltage | Hours |
|---|---|
16 or more volts | Up to 4 hours |
14-15.9 volts | Up to 8 hours |
13.9 or less volts | Up to 16 hours |
| • | If the charge current is not measurable at the end of the above charging times, the battery should be replaced. |
| • | If the charge current is measurable during the charging time, the battery is good, and charging should be completed in the normal manner. |
| Important: It is important to remember that a completely discharged battery must be recharged for a sufficient number of ampere hours (AH) to restore the battery to a usable state. As a general rule, using the reserve capacity rating (RC) as the number of ampere hours of charge usually brings the green dot into view. |
| • | If the charge current is still not measurable after using the charging time calculated by the above method, the battery should be replaced. |
| • | If the charge current is measurable during the charging time, the battery is good, and charging should be completed in the normal manner. |
Jump Starting Procedure
- Position the vehicle with the good charged battery so that the jumper cables will reach from one battery to the other.
- Turn OFF the ignition, all the lights, and all the electrical loads in both vehicles. Leave the hazard flasher ON if there may be other traffic and any other lights needed for the work area.
- In both vehicles, apply the parking brake firmly.
- Shift a manual transaxle to NEUTRAL.
- Clamp one end of the first jumper cable to the positive terminal on the battery. Make sure it does not touch any other metal parts. Clamp the other end of the same cable to the positive terminal on the other battery. Never connect the other end to the negative terminal of the discharged battery.
- Clamp one end of the second cable to the negative terminal of the booster battery. Make the final connection to a solid engine ground, such as the engine lift bracket, at least 450 millimeters (18 inches) from the discharged battery.
- Start the engine of the vehicle with the good battery. Run the engine at a moderate speed for several minutes. Then start the engine of the vehicle which has the discharged battery.
- Remove the jumper cables by reversing the above sequence exactly. Remove the negative cable from the vehicle with the discharged battery first. While removing each clamp, take care that it does not touch any other metal while the other end remains attached.
Notice: Always turn the ignition OFF when connecting or disconnecting battery cables, battery chargers, or jumper cables. Failing to do so may damage the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) or other electronic components.
Important: Make sure the cables are not on or near pulleys, fans, or other parts that will move when the engine starts.
Caution: Cables that have missing or loose insulation should be replaced. Failure to properly maintain cables could result in personal injury or vehicle damage.
Caution: Always remove the negative jumper cable from the engine lift hook first to avoid sparks near the battery. Sparks could explode the battery causing serious personal injury.
Generator
The Delco-Remy CS charging system has several models available, including the O114D (A-type) or CS114D (B-type). The number denotes the outer diameter in millimeters of the stator lamination.
CS generators are equipped with internal regulators. The Y connection (A-type) or Delta (B-type) stator, a rectifier bridge, and a rotor with slip rings and brushes are electrically similar to earlier generators. A conventional pulley and fan are used. There is no test hole.
Unlike 3-wire generators, the O114D (A-type) or CS114D (B-type) may be used with only 2 connections: battery positive and an L terminal to the charge indicator lamp.
As with other charging systems, the charge indicator lamp lights when the ignition switch is turned to ON, and goes out when the engine is running. If the charge indicator is ON with the engine running, a charging system defect is indicated.
The regulator voltage setting varies with temperature and limits the system voltage by controlling the rotor field current. The regulator switches rotor field current ON and OFF. By varying the ON-OFF time, correct average field current for proper system voltage control is obtained. At high speeds, the ON-time may be 10 percent and the OFF-time 90 percent. At low speeds, with high electrical loads, ON-time may be 90 percent and the OFF-time 10 percent.
