Circuit Description
The engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor is a thermistor. A thermistor is a resistor whose value varies with temperature. The ECT sensor resistance is high if the coolant temperature is cold. The ECT sensor resistance is low if the coolant temperature is warm. The ECT sensor is wired in series with a fixed resistor in the powertrain control module (PCM). The PCM applies 5 volts to the ECT sensor. The PCM monitors the voltage across the ECT sensor and converts the voltage into a temperature reading. The PCM receives a high voltage input if the coolant temperature is cold. The PCM receives a low voltage input if the coolant temperature is warm.
Conditions for Running the DTC
The ignition is ON.
Conditions for Setting the DTC
| • | The ECT sensor signal indicates that the engine coolant temperature is less than -40°C (-40°F). |
| • | The above conditions are present for at least 0.5 seconds. |
Action Taken When the DTC Sets
| • | The PCM illuminates the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL). |
| • | The PCM records the operating conditions at the time that the diagnostic fails. This information is stored in the Freeze Frame buffer. |
| • | The PCM enters the Fail-Safe Function and assumes the engine coolant temperature is 80°C (176°F) while stopping EGR, ISC, and A/C control. The PCM turns ON the engine cooling fan. |
Conditions for Clearing the DTC
| • | The MIL turns off after 3 consecutive passing trips without a fault present. |
| • | A History DTC clears after 40 consecutive warm-up cycles without a fault. |
| • | Use the Clear DTC Information function, or disconnect the PCM battery feed in order to clear the DTC. |
Diagnostic Aids
Check for any of the following conditions:
| • | Use the Temperature vs Resistance table in order to check the ECT sensor at various temperature levels, and evaluate the possibility of a shifted sensor. A shifted sensor could result in a driveability complaint. Refer to Temperature Versus Resistance . |
| • | The ECT sensor readings should steadily rise to about 95°C (203°F) after the engine is started. The ECT sensor readings should stabilize when the thermostat opens. Verify that the engine is not overheating and has not been operated under conditions which could create an overheating condition. |
| • | An ECT sensor signal circuit that is shorted to voltage may cause DTC P0118 to set. |
| • | The engine cooling fan will turn ON if DTC P0118 has set. |
| • | Check for a faulty electrical connection at the PCM. |
An intermittent complaint may be caused by a fault in the ECT sensor electrical circuit. Inspect the wiring harness and the components for any of the following conditions:
| • | Backed out terminals |
| • | Incorrect mating of terminals |
| • | Broken electrical connector locks |
| • | Incorrectly formed terminals or damaged terminals |
| • | Faulty terminal-to-wire connections |
| • | Physical damage to the wiring harness |
| • | A broken wire inside the insulation |
| • | Corrosion of electrical connections, of splices, or of terminals |
If DTC P0118 cannot be duplicated, the Freeze Frame data can be useful in determining vehicle operating conditions when the DTC first set.
Test Description
The numbers below refer to the step numbers in the Diagnostic Table.
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The Powertrain OBD System Check prompts the technician to complete some basic checks and to store the freeze frame data, if applicable. This creates an electronic copy of the data that is collected when the fault occurred. The information is stored in the scan tool for later reference.
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This step checks the current ECT sensor reading.
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This step determines if the fault is present.
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This step determines if the fault is caused by an open or shorted signal return circuit, an open in the ground circuit, or by a malfunctioning ECT sensor.
Step | Action | Value(s) | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Did you perform the Powertrain On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Check? | -- | |||
Is the ECT equal to or less than the specified value? | -40°C (-40°F) | |||
Is a DTC P0118 set? | -- | Go to Diagnostic Aids | ||
Is the ECT display at the specified value? | 119°C (246°F) | |||
5 |
Is the ECT display at the specified value? | 119°C (246°F) | ||
6 |
Was a repair necessary? | -- | ||
7 |
Was a repair necessary? | -- | ||
8 |
Was a repair necessary? | -- | ||
9 |
Was a repair necessary? | -- | ||
10 | Replace the ECT sensor. Refer to Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Replacement . Is the action complete? | -- | -- | |
11 | Replace the PCM. Refer to Powertrain Control Module Replacement . Is the action complete? | -- | -- | |
12 |
Are any DTCs displayed on the scan tool? | -- | Go to the Applicable DTC Table | System OK |
