General Description
The cooling system consists of the following components:
• | Coolant recovery reservoir |
• | Water pump and drive belt pulley |
• | Powertrain Control Module (PCM) |
• | Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor |
• | All related hoses and pipes |
• | Electrical controls and wiring |
The cooling system maintains engine coolant and automatic transmission/transaxle
fluid temperature at an efficient level during all engine operating conditions.
The thermostat controls the coolant circulation. When the engine is cold the
thermostat remains closed and the engine coolant has little or no movement
through the cooling system to allow the engine to warm up quickly. When the
engine coolant reaches normal operating temperature, the thermostat opens,
and the engine coolant starts to circulate through the engine to the radiator.
The water pump, driven by the drive belt, circulates the engine coolant through
the engine block, cylinder heads, heater core and radiator. The heated engine
coolant flows to the coolant recovery reservoir, heater core and radiator.
Some engine coolant heat is dissipated through the heater core but a majority
of the required heat dissipation occurs through the radiator. Air, passing
through the radiator, cools the engine coolant as the engine coolant passes
from the inlet tank on the left side of the radiator, through horizontal core
tubes, to the outlet tank on the right side of the radiator. Fins between
the tubes of the radiator increase the efficiency of heat transfer by creating
a larger surface area for the cooling air to pass over. Cooling air passing
over the fins is directed through the radiator by the use of a deflector mounted
under the front fascia, a baffle directing that air through the A/C condenser,
the radiator and a pair of shrouded electric fans that pull the air through
into the engine compartment. The electric fans receive electrical power through
fuses and relays housed in the underhood accessory wiring junction block.
The relays are controlled by the PCM. The PCM, located in the air box, uses
the Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor, A/C usage and other variables
to determine cooling fan operation.
The coolant recovery reservoir is connected to the radiator by a overflow
hose. The overflow hose is connected to the radiator at the neck of the radiator
adjacent to the radiator pressure cap. The overflow hose allows engine coolant
to flow to and from the coolant recovery reservoir as the engine coolant expands
and contracts with engine cooling system temperature. The overflow hose connects
to the coolant recovery reservoir through the coolant recovery reservoir cap.
The overflow hose extends down from the coolant recovery reservoir cap into
the bottom of the coolant recovery reservoir. The coolant recovery reservoir
cap also serves as the fill point for engine coolant. A radiator pressure
cap seals the cooling system, causing the system to operate at a higher than
atmospheric pressure. The high pressure operation raises the boiling point
of the engine coolant to about 125°C (257°F), increasing the
cooling efficiency of the radiator.
Two quick-connect fittings on the outside of the outlet tank on the
right side of the radiator are connected to a transmission oil cooler located
inside the outlet tank. Transmission oil cooler lines are connected from the
transmission to quick-connect fittings. A/T fluid is pumped by the transmission
through a transmission oil cooler feed line to the transmission oil cooler
upper inlet quick-connect fitting. The A/T fluid temperature is regulated
by the temperature of the engine coolant that surrounds the transmission oil
cooler as the A/T fluid passes down through the transmission oil cooler. The
A/T fluid leaves the transmission oil cooler through the lower transmission
oil cooler outlet quick-connect fitting and returns back to the transmission
through the transmission oil cooler return line.